Water Changes - Overflow vs. Drain-and-Fill

This document is of interest to anyone who keeps Koi. A discussion of 2 different methods for performing water changes is discussed, and myths about the differences are mathematically dispelled. Clear pictures are provided to help visualize the concepts.

Synopsis:

This article clearly takes the reader through the mathematical results of changing water using both the overflow and drain-and-fill techniques.

Learning Objectives:

Koi Keepers reading this ebook will become familiar with:

Where to add water when using the overflow method

Factors that will effect the result of overflow vs. drain-and-fill

Koi safety considerations for both methods

Author(s):

Spike Cover (click HERE for author biography)

Continuing Education Credits:

Available for 2nd and 3rd level K.O.I. certified individuals. Please see CE Policy for more information.

Price: FREE